China’s High-Speed Rail Network: Global Leadership, Technological Innovation, and Expansion

 

high-speed railway（HSR）


The definition of high-speed rail (HSR) by the National Railway Administration of China is: a passenger dedicated railway line designed for trains operating at a speed of 250 km/h or higher (including reserved speed capacity), with an initial operational speed of no less than 200 km/h.

The China State Railway Group has classified railways into three categories: high-speed rail (HSR), fast rail (FCR), and conventional rail. According to the "12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Transportation System," which was approved at a State Council executive meeting on March 21, 2012, one of the development goals was to have China’s high-speed rail network exceed 40,000 kilometers by the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2015). The plan's key task was "to develop high-speed rail and essentially complete the national high-speed rail network."


On February 12, 2015, during a press conference in Tangshan, Hebei, the China Railway Corporation's spokesperson announced that by the end of 2015, China’s operational high-speed rail network would surpass 18,000 kilometers, forming the backbone of the high-speed railway system. The total length of the national rapid rail network would exceed 40,000 kilometers, with the total railway network reaching 120,000 kilometers.


These statements reflect three levels of railway classification: high-speed rail (HSR), fast rail (FCR), and conventional rail (CR). High-speed rail refers to dedicated passenger lines with no freight service. Fast rail, on the other hand, may be a passenger-only line or a passenger and freight shared line, with speeds lower than those of high-speed rail.

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